Introduction   Monarchy is one of the oldest forms of government in political history. It developed from early human so…

Introduction Ideology is one of the strongest forces that bind or divide people based on race, ethnicity, religion, nat…

Introduction Political ideas exist within the wider context of political thought. They represent the reflections, theor…

Introduction Diplomacy is a central instrument in the conduct of international relations. It enables states to manage t…

Introduction Social structure has certain core attributes that explain how society is organized and how it functions ov…

Introduction Social structure explains how society is organized and how its parts work together to ensure stability and…

The focus of this course is to provide or describe the historical, geographical, political, and economic explanations a…

Introduction   Sovereignty is a fundamental concept in political science and international law. It refers to the suprem…

Introduction Financial markets are essential components of the financial system. They provide the platform through whic…

Introduction   Local government represents the lowest and closest level of government to the people. Its proximity to t…

Introduction Traditionally, the state has been regarded as the central and dominant actor in international relations, e…

Introduction The concept of the state occupies a central position in political science and international relations. Sch…

Introduction Financial institutions are organizations—both government-owned and privately owned—that play a central rol…

Introduction National power refers to a state’s ability to influence the behavior of other states and achieve its natio…

Introduction Theories of International Relations (IR) provide systematic frameworks for understanding how states and ot…

Introduction Decentralization  No modern state or formal organization can efficiently operate solely from a central hea…