Introduction
The 1999 Constitution is the current supreme law of Nigeria, marking the country's return to civilian rule after prolonged military governance. It establishes the structure, powers, and principles guiding Nigeria's federal system. Below are its key features:
1. It provided for a presidential system of government.
2. It recognizes Nigeria as a federation of 36 states, 774 local governments and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
3. It provided for a special majority requirement (not a simple absolute majority) in the election of the President and Governors.
4. It provided for the National Judicial Council, headed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
5. It provided for fundamental human rights, guaranteed under Chapter IV.
6. It provided for local government as the third tier of government.
7. It provided for a minimum of 13% derivation on revenue from natural resources.
Conclusion
Taken together, these features reflect the Constitution's attempt to balance strong central authority with federal power-sharing, judicial independence, human rights protection, and resource control — issues that remain central to Nigeria's political debates today.
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