Constitution (Pols 101)

Introduction

Every modern state operates based on certain rules, principles, and procedures that guide how power is acquired, distributed, and exercised. These rules are collectively referred to as the Constitution, and they serve as the foundation upon which governmental authority and citizens’ rights are built.

Definition of a Constitution

A Constitution can be defined as a body of agreed rules and principles stating how the powers of governing a country are given, and how these powers are to be exercised.

By doing so, it checks and sets limits not only to the actions of government but also to the actions of ordinary citizens. The Constitution also states the rights, duties, and obligations of the citizen.

Types of Constitution

1. Written Constitution

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A Written Constitution is one that has all its fundamental principles and rules set down in a single document that is easily accessible to all. Nigeria and the United States of America are examples of countries with a written constitution.

2. Unwritten Constitution

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This is one whose fundamental principles and rules are not contained in a single document, but are developed through conventions, customs, statutes, judicial decisions, and several historical documents. The term “unwritten” simply means it is not found in one document. Britain is a prominent example of a country with an unwritten constitution.

3. Flexible Constitution

A Flexible Constitution is one that can be amended with ease, often through the same procedure used for passing ordinary legislation. Britain and New Zealand are examples of systems that are largely flexible due to the nature of its constitution.

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4. Rigid Constitution

A Rigid Constitution is the opposite of a flexible one. The process of amendment of a rigid constitution is strict, difficult, and usually outlined within the document itself. Examples of countries with rigid constitutions include Nigeria, Canada, the USA, India, and many others.

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Conclusion

A constitution is the supreme guide for both rulers and citizens, ensuring order, limiting abuse of power, and safeguarding rights. Whether written or unwritten, rigid or flexible, every constitution performs the essential role of organizing the state and promoting stable governance.

References 

Pols 101 note dictated by Prof. Kayode Omojuwa 

Wikipedia contributors